NAVIGATION AND HYDROGRAPHY ¹40/2015
Review of
the Current Status of the Nationally-Produced Navigation Echosounders. Y. M. Repin, A. G.
Maigov – Navigation and Hydrography. – 2015. – No. 40. – Ð. 7–11.
The short review of the current status of navigation echosounders is presented. The actuality and directions for
the further improvement of these nationally-produced aids are shown.
Key words: navigation echosounders, range of
operational depths, comparative characteristics, operational characteristics.
Interdependence
of Light and Energy Parameters for the Light Sources of the Aids to Navigation Bassed on the LED Sources. E. P. Gladskikh, V. N. Kostin, V. A. Maksimov, Y. M. Repin –
Navigation and Hydrography. – 2015. –
No. 40. – Ð. 12–18.
The issues showing the interdependence of light and
energy parameters of LED sources are considered. The possibility to use these
relationships in order to carry out the calculations for the new
light-technology systems of visual aids to navigation is shown.
Key words: light-emitting diodes (LEDs), visibility
range of lights, intensity of light, light flux, light efficacy, nominal output
(nominal power), light and energy relationships.
On Obtaining
the Position and Speed of an Object by Satellites in Case of Synchronization Disruption
for Measured Pseudo-ranges. V. V. Gavrilov, P. I. Maleyev – Navigation and Hydrography. – 2015. – No. 40. – Ð. 19–28.
The pseudo-ranges obtained by satellites that are the
difference of the moments for the signals received by the satellite clock scales
and scales of receiving equipment, multiplied by the velocity of light, are
distorted due to a number of factors: the discrepancy of the receiver and
satellite, influence of ionosphere and troposphere, carrier phase noises etc.
Each developer of the receiving equipment excludes the interference by his own
methods (unknown to the users). The aim of the article is to evaluate the
influence of this interference and the possible accuracy of finding the
position and speed of an object, using the real measured asynchronous
pseudo-ranges.
Key words: satellite, pseudo-ranges, position of an object,
disturbances, synchronization, navigation data.
Multilevel
Model of Ships Collision Risk Assessment. V. M. Grinyak, L. V. Gerasimenko, A. S. Devyatisilny –
Navigation and Hydrography. – 2015. – No. 40. – Ð. 29–38.
The problem of marine vessel traffic control is
discussed. The model of information system for marine safety estimation (ships
collision avoidance) is considered. The system defines several alarm levels: “green”,
“yellow” and “red”. The alarm criterion is based on maneuver detector. If the
ship is maneuvering, her alarm level decreases (“yellow”). Mathematical model
of position and speed estimation for alarm generation is proposed. Some results
of experiments, such as numerical experiments for typical ship paths and
experiments for vessel traffic in Vladivostok port water area are shown. There
are about 20 % “yellow” alarms and 80 % “red” alarms. These alarms are
generated throughout the water area.
Key words: vessel traffic control, collision avoidance, path, ship
maneuver.
Refined Relationships Between
Geographic and Quasigeographic co-ordinates Taking
the Earth's Spheroidicity into Account. A.
V. Kavraisky – Navigation and Hydrography. – 2015. – No. 40. – Ð. 39–50.
The refined mathematical description of constructing
the system of quasigeographic co-ordinates taking the
Earth's spheroidicity into account that allows to remove the variant readings on this issue in
scientific-technical literature, is presented. The appraisal of methodical
errors for calculations using the presented formulas is given; the rightfulness
of their employment for the new national geodetic systems ÃÑÊ-2011 and ÏÇ-90.11
is shown.
Key words: geographic co-ordinates, quasigeographic co-ordinates,
representation of ellipsoid on a sphere, geodetic co-ordinates systems.
On Change to ÏÇ-90.11 and ÃÑÊ-2011 Co-ordinate Systems
When Charting the Marine Water Areas in the Interests of
Navigation-Hydrographic Support for the Navy E. S. Zubchenko, V. M. Smolin,
A. M. Sharkov – Navigation and Hydrography. – 2015. – No. 40. – Ð. 51–56.
The problems that arise when changing to employment of
new (ÃÑÊ-2011 and ÏÇ-90.11) geodetic co-ordinate systems are considered. An
example is given for the possible solution of the arising problems, namely,
obtaining the correction value for the measured depth by changing the antenna
height of the ship equipment receiving the satellite information.
Key words: geodetic co-ordinate systems, earth
(terrestrial), geocentric co-ordinate systems, earth (terrestrial) ellipsoid,
transformation of geocentric co-ordinates, elements of transformation, sketch
(schematic) map for transformation, geodetic height for (hydrographic) datum,
correction for height of tide.
Interval
Representation of Scalar Hydrometeorological
Characteristics. Y.
N. Zhukov – Navigation and Hydrography. – 2015. – No. 40.
– Ð. 57–63.
The properties of values of the atmospheric air
temperature do not agree with the properties of real numbers. The way of
representing the air temperature values by ultrametric
numbers is described.
Key words: numeric systems, representative theory of
measurements, ultrametrics, air temperature.
Physical
Laws and Climate Aids. Y.
N. Zhukov – Navigation and Hydrography. – 2015. – No. 40.
– Ð. 63–69.
The traditional methods of creating the climate aids
are based on two nonevident postulates: additivity
and independence of thermodynamic values. It is shown that these postulates
contradict the thermodynamic laws: Richmann law and
equation of state.
Key words: climate aids, thermodynamics, Richmann
law, equation of state.
The
Present-Day State of the Operational Oceanology of the US Navy and Other
Countries. S.
I. Mastryukov, N. V. Chervyakova
– Navigation and Hydrography. – 2015. – No. 40. – Ð. 70–78.
The information about the state of the operational
oceanology abroad is summarized. Attention is drawn to the fact that the aim to
increase the stealth of military submarine objects was one of the incentives
for development of the operational oceanology. It has been revealed that the
increased requirements to the level of information support for the naval
activities due to the attempt to use, to the utmost degree, the masking
qualities of the marine environment inevitably result in the necessity to
improve all elements of the hydrometeorological
support system, including the subsystem of the ocean state operative forecast.
Key words: hydrometeorological support, operational
oceanology, model of the ocean.